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CalcHub

Roof Pitch Calculator

Roof pitch describes the steepness of a roof as a ratio of rise to run. This calculator converts between pitch ratios (like 6/12), angles in degrees, and slope percentages — useful for planning roofing, framing, or drainage projects.

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Results

Enter your measurements to see results

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Measure the rise (vertical height) in inches over any convenient run.
  2. Measure the run (horizontal distance) in inches — default is 12 inches.
  3. Review the pitch, angle, and multiplier results.

How Roof Pitch Calculation Works

Roof pitch is expressed as a ratio — '6/12' means the roof rises 6 inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run. The pitch multiplier is used to convert flat (plan-view) measurements to actual roof surface area. For example, a 6/12 pitch has a multiplier of 1.118, meaning the actual roof surface is 11.8% larger than the flat footprint. This multiplier is essential for ordering materials.

Formula

Pitch = Rise ÷ Run × 12 (expressed as X/12). Angle = arctan(Rise/Run) in degrees. Slope % = (Rise/Run) × 100. Pitch multiplier = √(1 + (Rise/Run)²).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a common roof pitch?
Most residential roofs are between 4/12 and 9/12. The most common is 6/12 (about 26.5 degrees). Low-slope roofs are 2/12 or less. Steep roofs (9/12 and above) are common in areas with heavy snow.
What is the minimum pitch for shingles?
Standard asphalt shingles require a minimum pitch of 2/12. Below that, you need a low-slope roofing system like rolled roofing, built-up roofing, or a membrane system (TPO, EPDM).
What pitch is a 45-degree roof?
A 45-degree angle equals a 12/12 pitch — the roof rises 12 inches for every 12 inches of run. This is considered a steep roof.